The cost of providing air transportation for passengers and cargo to, from, and within the European Union was scheduled to increase in 2012 due to the EU Emission Trading Scheme. The European Union (EU) has legislated that aircraft landing or taking off from EU airports are subjected to the Emission Trading System (ETS) and are levied a charge for the estimated amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) ge...

In this study we use historical emission data from installations under the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) to evaluate the impact of this policy on industrial greenhouse gas emissions during the first two trading phases (2005-2012). As such the analysis seeks to disentangle two causes of emission abatement: that attributable to the EU ETS and that attributable to the economic c...

In 2005, the European Union introduced the largest and most ambitious emissions trading program in the world to meet its Kyoto commitments for the containment of global climate change. The EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) has some distinctive features that differentiate it from the more standard model of emissions trading. In particular, it has a relatively decentralized structure that give...

The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is a major pillar of the energy policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, reportedly pervasive frauds in this market are constraining beneficial role EU ETS. In conceptual paper, we propose digitalize ETS by distributed ledger technology (DLT), enabling verification authenticity and provenance, proof ownership, lifecycle traceabilit...

The tightening of the European Union climate and energy policy, directed to raising the resilience and effectiveness of the European Union Emissions Trading System, may influence on companies' economic performance. Polish energy companies, which mainly use coal in the energy production process, are particularly worried about the potential negative consequences associated with the implementation...

Since the introduction of the European CO2 emissions trading system (EU ETS), the development of CO2 allowance prices is a new risk factor for enterprises taking part in this system. In this paper, we analyze how risk emerging from emissions trading can be considered in the stochastic profit and loss planning of corporations. Therefore we explore which planned figures are affected by emissions ...

This paper investigates the impact of European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) on carbon emissions and economic performance based a matching methodology exploiting installation-level inclusion criteria combined with difference-in-differences. Installation-level data from national Polluting Registries in France, Netherlands, Norway United Kingdom point to reduction order ?10% between 200...

In this paper, we propose an equilibrium model for the joint price formation of allowances issued by regulators in the framework of a cap-andtrade scheme such as the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and offset certificates such as CERs generated within the framework of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) or the Joint Implementation (JI) of the Kyoto Protocol. The main thrust o...

The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU-ETS) represents the masterpiece that the EU adopted to achieve the Kyoto Protocol and “Europe 2020” strategy goals of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG). Although the EU-ETS is designed “in order to promote reductions of greenhouse gas emissions in a costeffective and economically efficient manner” and “without prejudice for the Treaty”, the system has ...

The Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) constrains industrial polluters to buy/sell CO2 allowances depending on a regional depolluting objective of -8% of CO2 emissions by 2012 compared to 1990 levels. Companies may also buy carbon offsets from developing countries, funding emissions cuts there instead, under a Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). This article critically analyzes the pr...